Botanists and plant ecologists
sometimes use a quantitative measure called the Floristic
Quality Index (FQI) to express the "quality"
of a natural area. This standardized tool, introduced by Floyd
Swink and Gerald Wilhelm of the Morton Arboretum, replaces
subjective assessments, and although approximate, provides
a useful number for comparing various natural areas. FQI is
not a stand-alone value, but is used together with other assessments
to evaluate the quality of a site.
Coefficient of Conservatism The
basis of the FQI calculation is the coefficient of conservatism
(C), a value given to each species on a state-wide basis.
Each native species is assigned a value from 0 to 10, that
represents the probability that this plant species is likely
to occur in landscapes relatively unaltered from those of
pre-settlement times. Plant species with high C values are
relatively specialized in their requirements, and thus are
found in more restricted habitats.
Thus, a widespread species such as Canada
goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), found in numerous
habitats from roadsides to remnant prairies, is assigned a
value of 1 whereas prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis),
found almost exclusively on high-quality remnant prairies,
has a value of 10.
The C values for northern Illinois are given
in the important book by Swink and Wilhelm Plants of the
Chicago Area (published by the Indiana Academy of Sciences).
A similar set of C values has been established for all members
of the Wisconsin flora, and has been published by the Wisconsin
Department of Natural Areas. The C value for each native species
is also given on the University of Wisconsin-Madison Herbarium
web site and in Wildflowers of Wisconsin and the Upper
Midwest, by Merel Black and Emmet J. Judziewicz, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin.
The mean C for Pleasant Valley Conservancy
was calculated from a detailed check list which combines all
our observations for the 4 years 2002 through 2005. This check
list has a total of 319 native species (out of a total of
401 identified species), found in the various habitats (oak
woods, oak savanna, marsh, prairie remnant, etc.).
Some examples of species at Pleasant Valley
with high C values are: Lithospermum canescens (hoary
puccoon), Panicum leibergii (prairie panic grass),
and Sporobolus heterolepis (prairie dropseed), C=10;
Asclepias purpurascens, Asclepias viridiflora,
Ceanothus americanus, Cypripedium parviflorus,
Eupatorium sessilifolium, and Viola pedatifida,
C=9, Aster sericeus, Baptisia alba, Bromus
kalmii, Hasteola suaveolens, Lithospermum
incisum, Oxalis violacea, and Pedicularis
lanceolata, C=8. In total, there are 190 species at Pleasant
Valley Conservancy which have C values of 5 or higher.
The mean coefficient of conservatism for
Pleasant Valley Conservancy is 5.1, which is an impressively
high value for a landscape that has been under restoration
for such a short period of time. Using these data, the Floristic Quality
Index calculated using the Swink and Wilhelm formula, is 91.3,
again, an impressively high number. (According to an assessment
by Michigan workers, an FQI greater than 50 represents an
area of high conservatism and an area with an FQI greater
than 35 is considered floristically important in the state.)
Obviously, a high FQI depends on the presence
of species with high C values. Such plants show strong fidelity
to specific habitats. Such fidelity goes hand-in-hand with
rarity. However, a high C value does not necessarily mean
that the species is "endangered" or "threatened".
This depends on the commoness of the required habitat of a
plant with high C value. For instance, Lithospermum canescens
has a C value of 10 but is not endangered or threatened, because
its preferred habitat, dry prairie remnants, is fairly common
in the state.
Floristic Quality Index for Each Management Unit
Name |
FQI |
Acreage |
Total species |
Present status of unit |
Unit 6 |
63 |
4.48 |
153 |
Upper (Bur oak savanna) Lower (Prairie remnant) |
Unit 11A |
61 |
5.17 |
119 |
Prairie remnant and bur oak savana |
Toby's Prairie |
61 |
3.63 |
126 |
Dry-mesic prairie (partially remnant; mostly planted) |
Unit 10 |
60 |
2.9 |
136 |
Bur oak savanna |
Unit 12A |
59 |
5.95 |
138 |
White oak savanna |
Valley Prairie |
58 |
3.85 |
130 |
Dry, mesic, and wet-mesic prairie (planted) |
Pocket Prairie |
57 |
4.5 |
104 |
Dry, mesic, and wet-mesic prairie (planted) |
Unit 7 |
56 |
1.58 |
117 |
Upper (Bur oak savanna) Lower (Prairie remnant) |
Unit 3 |
56 |
1.03 |
105 |
Prairie remnant |
Crane Prairie |
55 |
2.6 |
130 |
Dry, dry-mesic, and mesic prairie (planted) |
Unit 8 |
54 |
1.3 |
102 |
Bur oak savanna |
Unit 12B |
54 |
0.98 |
114 |
White oak savanna |
Unit 5 |
52.5 |
1.61 |
105 |
Bur oak savanna |
Unit 2 |
52 |
1.6 |
89 |
Prairie remnant |
East Basin |
51.5 |
4.4 |
100 |
Dry-mesic, mesic, and wet-mesic prairie (planted) |
Ridge Prairie |
51 |
1.67 |
100 |
Dry-mesic prairie (planted) |
Unit 23 |
51 |
0.38 |
93 |
Bur oak savanna |
Unit 19C |
48 |
1.13 |
71 |
Black/bur oak savanna |
Unit 21 |
47 |
3.38 |
75 |
White oak woodland |
Triangle |
47 |
0.55 |
81 |
Hill's oak savanna |
Unit 20 combined |
46 |
3.35 |
86 |
Woods and prairie mix |
Barn |
46 |
0.48 |
87 |
Wet mesic prairie (planted) |
Unit 9 |
45 |
1.82 |
82 |
Bur oak savanna |
Cabin Prairie |
45 |
0.54 |
83 |
Mesic prairie (planted) |
Unit 1 |
44 |
1.18 |
61 |
Prairie remnant |
Unit 11D |
43 |
4 |
74 |
White oak savanna |
Unit 4 |
41 |
0.32 |
48 |
Prairie remnant |
Unit 19A |
40.8 |
0.33 |
69 |
Bur oak savanna |
Unit 19B |
38 |
1.64 |
51 |
Bur oak savanna |
Unit 19D |
35 |
1.05 |
30 |
Bur oak/black oak savanna |
Unit 19E |
34 |
1.47 |
37 |
White oak savana |
The table below lists the species found
at Pleasant Valley Conservancy in order of their C value,
from high to low, based on data from 4 years.
Coefficient of Conservatism
for Plant Species
Latin
name |
Common
name |
C value |
Carex
prairea |
Prairie sedge |
10 |
Lithospermum
canescens |
Hoary puccoon |
10 |
Panicum
leibergii |
Prairie panic
grass |
10 |
Sporobolus
heterolepis |
Prairie dropseed |
10 |
Asclepias
purpurascens |
Purple milkweed |
9 |
Asclepias
viridiflora |
Short green
milkweed |
9 |
Aster
prenanthoides |
Crooked aster |
9 |
Ceanothus
americanus |
New Jersey
tea |
9 |
Cypripedium
parviflorum var pubescens |
Large yellow
lady-slipper |
9 |
Eupatorium
sessilifolium |
Woodland boneset |
9 |
Liatris
cylindracea |
Dwarf blazing
star |
9 |
Stipa
sp |
Needle grass |
9 |
Viola
pedatifida |
Prairie violet |
9 |
Aster
sericeus |
Silky aster |
8 |
Astragalus
canadensis |
Canadian milkvetch |
8 |
Aureolaria
grandiflora |
Yellow false
foxglove |
8 |
Baptisia
alba |
White wild
indigo |
8 |
Bromus
kalmii |
Prairie brome |
8 |
Carex
eburnii |
Bristle-leaf
sedge |
8 |
Cirsium
muticum |
Swamp thistle |
8 |
Coreopsis
palmata |
Prairie tickseed |
8 |
Dalea
candida |
White prairie
clover |
8 |
Eryngium
yuccifolium |
Rattlesnake
master |
8 |
Hasteola
suaveolens |
Sweet Indian
plantain |
8 |
Hypoxis
hirsuta |
Yellow star-grass |
8 |
Lithospermum
incisum |
Fringed puccoon |
8 |
Oxalis
violacea |
Violet wood-sorrel |
8 |
Parthenium
integrifolium |
Wild quinine |
8 |
Pedicularis
canadensis |
Wood betony |
8 |
Pedicularis
lanceolata |
Lousewort |
8 |
Pediomelum
esculentum |
Prairie turnip |
8 |
Polygala
senega |
Seneca snakeroot |
8 |
Silphium
laciniatum |
Compass plant |
8 |
Solidago
ptarmicoides |
Prairie goldenrod |
8 |
Sphenopholis
obtusata |
Wedge grass |
8 |
Symplocarpus
foetidus |
Skunk cabbage |
8 |
Viburnum
prunifolium |
Black haw |
8 |
Actaea
rubra |
Red baneberry |
7 |
Allium
cernuum |
Nodding wild
onion |
7 |
Amorpha
canescens |
Lead-plant |
7 |
Arabis
canadensis |
Sickle pod |
7 |
Aralia
racemosa |
Spikenard |
7 |
Arenaria
stricta |
Sandwort |
7 |
Asclepias
exaltata |
Poke milkweed |
7 |
Bouteloua
hirsuta |
Hairy gramma
grass |
7 |
Bromus
ciliatus |
Fringed brome |
7 |
Campanula
aparinoides |
Marsh bellflower |
7 |
Carex
grayi |
Bur sedge |
7 |
Carex
stricta |
Tussock sedge |
7 |
Carex
trichocarpa |
Hairy-fruit
sedge |
7 |
Chelone
glabra |
Turtlehead |
7 |
Cornus
rugosa |
Round-leaved
dogwood |
7 |
Dalea
purpureum |
Purple prairie
clover |
7 |
Desmodium
illinoense |
Illinois tick-trefoil |
7 |
Dicentra
cucullaria |
Dutchman's
breeches |
7 |
Dodecatheon
meadia |
Shooting star |
7 |
Echinacea
pallida |
Pale purple
coneflower |
7 |
Galium
lanceolatum |
Lance-leaved
bedstraw |
7 |
Gentiana
alba |
Cream gentian |
7 |
Gentianella
quinquefolia |
Stiff gentian |
7 |
Geum triflorum |
Prairie smoke |
7 |
Goodyera
pubescens |
Rattlesnake
plantain |
7 |
Helianthus
decapetalus |
Pale sunflower |
7 |
Helianthus
pauciflorus |
Prairie sunflower |
7 |
Heuchera
richardsonii |
Prairie alum-root |
7 |
Koeleria
macrantha |
June grass |
7 |
Liatris
pycnostachya |
Prairie blazing
star |
7 |
Linum
medium texanum |
Small yellow
flax |
7 |
Lobelia
cardinalis |
Cardinal flower |
7 |
Panicum
latifolium |
Broad-leaved
panic-grass |
7 |
Potentilla
arguta |
Prairie cinquefoil |
7 |
Quercus
alba |
White oak |
7 |
Saxifraga
pensylvanica |
Swamp saxifrage |
7 |
Scutellaria
parvula |
Leonard's
skullcap |
7 |
Silphium
terebinthinaceum |
Prairie dock |
7 |
Sisyrinchium
campestre |
Blue-eyed
grass |
7 |
Solidago
missouriensis |
Missouri goldenrod |
7 |
Taenidia
integerrima |
Yellow pimpernel |
7 |
Thalictrum
dioicum |
Early meadow-rue |
7 |
Uvularia
grandiflora |
Bellwort |
7 |
Viburnum
acerifolium |
Maple-leaved
viburnum |
7 |
Viola
canadensis |
Tall white
violet |
7 |
Viola
pedata |
Bird's foot
violet |
7 |
Zizia
aurea |
Golden Alexander |
7 |
Actaea
alba |
White baneberry |
6 |
Amelanchier
arborea |
Juneberry |
6 |
Anemone
cylindrica |
Thimbleweed |
6 |
Anemone
quinquefolia |
Wood anemone |
6 |
Angelica
atropurpurea |
Great angelica |
6 |
Arabis
divaricarpa |
Rock cress |
6 |
Aralia
nudicaulis |
Wild sarsaparilla |
6 |
Asclepias
tuberosa |
Butterfly
weed |
6 |
Aster
firmus |
Shining aster |
6 |
Aster
laevis |
Smooth blue
aster |
6 |
Aster
umbellatus |
Flat-top aster |
6 |
Bouteloua
curtipendula |
Side oats
grama |
6 |
Bromus
latiglumis |
Ear-leaved
brome |
6 |
Caltha
palustris |
Marsh marigold |
6 |
Cardamine
bulbosa |
Spring cress |
6 |
Carex
lacustris |
Common lake
sedge |
6 |
Cicuta
maculata |
Water-hemlock |
6 |
Cirsium
altissimum |
Woodland thistle |
6 |
Coeloglossum
viride |
Long-bracted
green orchid |
6 |
Desmodium
glutinosum |
Pointed tick-trefoil |
6 |
Elymus
hystrix |
Bottlebrush
grass |
6 |
Elymus
riparius |
Riverbank
wild rye |
6 |
Elymus
villosus |
Silky wild
rye |
6 |
Elymus
virginicus |
Virginia wild
rye |
6 |
Eupatorium
perfoliatum |
Common boneset |
6 |
Eupatorium
purpureum |
Purple joe-pye
weed |
6 |
Galearis
spectabilis |
Showy orchis |
6 |
Galium
concinnum |
Shining bedstraw |
6 |
Gentiana
andrewsii |
Bottle gentian |
6 |
Helianthemum
canadense |
Common rockrose |
6 |
Hieracium
longipilum |
Prairie hawkweed |
6 |
Hypericum
pyramidatum |
Great St.
John's wort |
6 |
Lilium
michiganense |
Turk's cap
lily |
6 |
Lobelia
spicata |
Pale spiked
lobelia |
6 |
Lupinus
perennis |
Wild lupine |
6 |
Lysimachia
quadrifolia |
Whorled loosestrife |
6 |
Napaea
dioica |
Glade mallow |
6 |
Orobanche
uniflora |
Cancer root |
6 |
Oxypolis
rigidior |
Cowbane |
6 |
Polemonium
reptans |
Jacob's ladder |
6 |
Polygonum
sagitattum |
Arrow-leaved
tear-thumb |
6 |
Pycnanthemum
virginianum |
Common mountain
mint |
6 |
Ranunculus
fascicularis |
Early buttercup |
6 |
Ranunculus
hispidus |
Swamp buttercup |
6 |
Rudbeckia
laciniata |
Cut-leaved
coneflower |
6 |
Salix
humilis |
Prairie willow |
6 |
Sanguinaria
canadensis |
Bloodroot |
6 |
Senecio
plattensis |
Prairie ragwort |
6 |
Silphium
integrifolium |
Rosinweed |
6 |
Solidago
flexicaulis |
Zig-zag goldenrod |
6 |
Trillium
grandiflorum |
Large-flowered
trillium |
6 |
Veronicastrum
virginicum |
Culver's root |
6 |
Agastache
nepetoides |
Yellow giant
hyssop |
5 |
Amphicarpaea
bracteata |
Hog peanut |
5 |
Anemone
virginiana |
Tall anemone |
5 |
Aquilegia
canadensis |
Wild columbine |
5 |
Arisaema
triphyllum |
Jack-in-the-pulpit |
5 |
Asclepias
incarnata |
Swamp milkweed |
5 |
Aster
oolentangiensis |
Sky-blue aster |
5 |
Aster
puniceus |
Swamp aster |
5 |
Calamagrostis
canadensis |
Blue-joint
grass |
5 |
Campanula
rotundifolia |
Harebell |
5 |
Carya
ovata |
Shagbark hickory |
5 |
Corylus
americana |
American hazelnut |
5 |
Galium
boreale |
Northern bedstraw |
5 |
Galium
tinctorium |
Stiff bedstraw |
5 |
Helianthus
divaricatus |
Woodland sunflower |
5 |
Heliopsis
helianthoides |
Ox-eye sunflower |
5 |
Hieracium
kalmii |
Canada hawkweed |
5 |
Iris virginica |
Wild iris |
5 |
Kuhnia
eupatorioides |
False boneset |
5 |
Lathyrus
palustris |
Marsh pea |
5 |
Lespedeza
capitata |
Round-headed
bush clover |
5 |
Liatris
aspera |
Rough blazing
star |
5 |
Liparis
lilifolia |
Purple twayblade |
5 |
Lobelia
siphilitica |
Great blue
lobelia |
5 |
Lysimachia
ciliata |
Fringed loosestrife |
5 |
Maianthemum
canadense |
Canada Mayflower |
5 |
Osmorhiza
claytoni |
Hairy sweet
cicely |
5 |
Parthenocissus
quinquefolia |
Virginia creeper |
5 |
Phryma
leptostachya |
Lopseed |
5 |
Polygala
sanguinea |
Field milkwort |
5 |
Polygonum
punctatum |
Smartweed |
5 |
Prenanthes
alba |
Lion's foot |
5 |
Quercus
macrocarpa |
Bur oak |
5 |
Quercus
velutina |
Black oak |
5 |
Ranunculus
recurvatus |
Hooked buttercup |
5 |
Sanicula
marilandica |
Black snakeroot |
5 |
Scutellaria
galericulata |
Marsh skullcap |
5 |
Smilacina
racemosa |
False Solomon's
seal |
5 |
Smilacina
stellata |
Starry false
Solomon's seal |
5 |
Smilax
herbacea |
Carrion flower |
5 |
Smilax
illinoensis |
Greenbrier |
5 |
Solidago
rigida |
Stiff goldenrod |
5 |
Solidago
speciosa |
Showy goldenrod |
5 |
Solidago
ulmifolia |
Elm-leaved
goldenrod |
5 |
Sorghastrum
nutans |
Indian grass |
5 |
Spartina
pectinata |
Prairie cord
grass |
5 |
Stachys
palustris |
Hedge-nettle |
5 |
Stellaria
longifolia |
Stitchwort |
5 |
Tradescantia
ohiensis |
Common spiderwort |
5 |
Triosteum
perfoliatum |
Tinker's weed |
5 |
Vernonia
fasciculata |
Common ironweed |
5 |
Viola
pubescens |
Yellow wood
violet |
5 |
Agastache
scrophulariaefolia |
Purple giant
hyssop |
4 |
Allium
canadense |
Wild onion |
4 |
Andropogon
gerardii |
Big bluestem |
4 |
Anemone
canadensis |
Meadow anemone |
4 |
Arabis
lyrata |
Sand cress |
4 |
Arnoglossum
(Cacalia) atriplicifol |
Pale Indian
plantain |
4 |
Aster
ericoides |
Heath aster |
4 |
Aster
lanceolatus |
Panciled aster |
4 |
Bidens
cernuus |
Nodding beggar's
tick |
4 |
Campanula
americana |
Tall bellflower |
4 |
Carex
bebbii |
Bebb's oval
sedge |
4 |
Carex
pellita |
Broad-leaved
wooly sedge |
4 |
Carex
rosea |
Rosy sedge |
4 |
Celtis
occidentalis |
Hackberry |
4 |
Cirsium
discolor |
Pasture thistle |
4 |
Clematis
virginiana |
Virgins bower |
4 |
Cryptotaenia
canadensis |
Honewort |
4 |
Desmodium
canadense |
Showy tick-trefoil |
4 |
Dioscorea
villosa |
Wild yam |
4 |
Elymus
canadensis |
Canada wild
rye |
4 |
Erigeron
pulchellus |
Robin's plantain |
4 |
Eupatorium
altissimum |
Tall boneset |
4 |
Eupatorium
maculatum |
Spotted joe-pye
weed |
4 |
Euphorbia
corollata |
Flowering
spurge |
4 |
Euthamia
graminifolia |
Grass-leaved
goldenrod |
4 |
Festuca
subverticillata |
Nodding fescue |
4 |
Geranium
maculatum |
Wild geranium |
4 |
Glyceria
stricta |
Fowl manna
grass |
4 |
Helenium
autumnale |
Sneezeweed |
4 |
Helianthus
strumosus |
Pale-leaved
woodland sunflower |
4 |
Hydrophyllum
virginianum |
Virginia waterleaf |
4 |
Hypericum
punctatum |
Dotted St.
John's wort |
4 |
Krigia
biflora |
False dandelion |
4 |
Laportea
canadensis |
Wood-nettle |
4 |
Lycopus
americanus |
Common water-horehound |
4 |
Osmorhiza
longistylis |
Smooth sweet
cicely |
4 |
Panicum
oligosanthes |
Few-flowered
panic-grass |
4 |
Panicum
virgatum |
Switch grass |
4 |
Penstemon
grandiflorus |
Large-flowered
beard-tongue |
4 |
Physalis
virginiana |
Lance-leaved
ground-cherry |
4 |
Podophyllum
peltatum |
May-apple |
4 |
Polygonatum
biflorum |
Smooth Solomon's
seal |
4 |
Ratibida
pinnata |
Yellow coneflower |
4 |
Ribes
americanum |
Black currant |
4 |
Rosa sp. |
Rose |
4 |
Rudbeckia
hirta |
Black-eyed
Susan |
4 |
Rudbeckia
triloba |
Brown-eyed
Susan |
4 |
Schizachyrium
scoparium |
Little bluestem |
4 |
Scirpus
cyperinus |
Wool-grass |
4 |
Scrophularia
lanceolata |
Early figwort |
4 |
Scrophularia
marilandica |
Late figwort |
4 |
Senecio
pauperculus |
Balsam ragwort |
4 |
Silphium
perfoliatum |
Cup plant |
4 |
Solidago
juncea |
Early goldenrod |
4 |
Solidago
nemoralis |
Gray goldenrod |
4 |
Teucrium
canadense |
Germander |
4 |
Thalictrum
dasycarpum |
Purple meadow-rue |
4 |
Toxicodendron
radicans |
Poison ivy |
4 |
Viburnum
lentago |
Nannyberry |
4 |
Vicia
americana |
American vetch |
4 |
Anaphalis
margaritacea |
Pearly everlasting |
3 |
Antennaria
neglecta |
Field pussytoes |
3 |
Antennaria
plantaginifolia |
Plantain-leaved
pussytoes |
3 |
Apocynum
cannabinum |
Indian hemp |
3 |
Apocynum
sibiricum |
Clasping dogbane |
3 |
Aster
lateriflorus |
Calico aster |
3 |
Aster
novae-angliae |
New England
aster |
3 |
Aster
sagittifolius |
Arrow-leaved
aster |
3 |
Carex
blanda |
Common wood
sedge |
3 |
Carex
hystericina |
Porcupine
sedge |
3 |
Carex
pensylvanica |
Pennsylvania
sedge |
3 |
Celastrus
scandens |
Climbing bittersweet |
3 |
Epilobium
coloratum |
Cinnamon willow-herb |
3 |
Eragrostis
spectabilis |
Purple Lovegrass |
3 |
Geum aleppicum |
Yellow avens |
3 |
Hackelia
virginiana |
Stickseed |
3 |
Heracleum
lanatum |
Cow parsnip |
3 |
Lactuca
biennis |
Tall blue
lettuce |
3 |
Leersia
oryzoides |
Rice cut grass |
3 |
Mentha
arvensis |
Wild mint |
3 |
Monarda
fistulosa |
Wild bergamot |
3 |
Monarda
punctata |
Horse mint |
3 |
Prunus
americana |
Wild plum |
3 |
Prunus
serotina |
Wild black
cherry |
3 |
Prunus
virginiana |
Choke cherry |
3 |
Ribes
cynosbati |
Gooseberry |
3 |
Sambucus
canadensis |
Elderberry |
3 |
Solidago
gigantea |
Late goldenrod |
3 |
Triodanis
perfoliata |
Venus looking
glass |
3 |
Verbena
hastata |
Blue vervain |
3 |
Verbena
stricta |
Hoary vervain |
3 |
Viola
soraria |
Door-yard
violet |
3 |
Zanthoxylum
americanum |
Prickly ash |
3 |
Agrimonia
gryposepala |
Tall agrimony |
2 |
Apocynum
androsaemifolium |
Spreading
dogbane |
2 |
Asclepias
verticillata |
Whorled milkweed |
2 |
Carex
stipata |
Common fox
sedge |
2 |
Carex
vulpinoidea |
Brown fox
sedge |
2 |
Circaea
lutetiana |
Enchanter's
nightshade |
2 |
Cornus
racemosa |
Gray dogwood |
2 |
Echinocystis
lobata |
Wild cucumber |
2 |
Erechtites
hieracifolia |
Fireweed |
2 |
Erigeron
philadelphicus |
Marsh fleabane |
2 |
Erigeron
strigosus |
Daisy fleabane |
2 |
Galium
aparine |
Annual bedstraw |
2 |
Gaura
biennis |
Biennial gaura |
2 |
Geum canadense |
White avens |
2 |
Helianthus
grosseserratus |
Saw-tooth
sunflower |
2 |
Helianthus
tuberosus |
Jerusalem
artichoke |
2 |
Lactuca
canadensis |
Tall lettuce |
2 |
Lobelia
inflata |
Indian tobacco |
2 |
Potentilla
simplex |
Old-field
cinquefoil |
2 |
Rhus glabra |
Smooth sumac |
2 |
Silene
antirrhina |
Sleepy catchfly |
2 |
Verbena
urticifolia |
White vervain |
2 |
Achillea
millefolium |
Yarrow |
1 |
Asclepias
syriaca |
Common milkweed |
1 |
Aster
pilosus |
Hairy aster |
1 |
Eupatorium
rugosum |
White snakeroot |
1 |
Fragaria
virginiana |
Wild strawberry |
1 |
Oenothera
biennis |
Common evening-primrose |
1 |
Polygonum
pensylvanicum |
Lady's thumb |
1 |
Prunella
sp. |
Self-heal |
1 |
Ranunculus
abortivus |
Small-flowered
buttercup |
1 |
Solidago
canadensis |
Common goldenrod |
1 |
Typha
latifolia |
Cattail |
1 |
Urtica
sp. |
Nettle |
1 |
Oxalis
stricta |
Yellow wood-sorrel |
0 |
Potentilla
norvegica |
Rough cinquefoil |
0 |
|
|
C = 5.1 |
Median C =
5 |
FQI=91.2 |
|
319 species
out of 401 in 2005 database |
|
|
|