Because of the diverse habitats at Pleasant Valley Conservancy, the flora is quite large. Our species checklist has over 400 species of grasses and forbs. This list, which is probably not complete, also does not include many woody plants. The list given below is an abbreviated version, emphasizing those species of greatest ecological or botanical interest. Weeds are not listed.

A list such as this one is called a “checklist”. It is just a list of species found at the Conservancy, with no attempt to connect a species with specific locations or to express how widespread the species is. A species found just once, and another found all over the Conservancy, would each rate a single entry. However, such a list is useful because it tells us what to expect and what not to expect.

This checklist is based primarily on intensive plant surveys done each year from 2002 through 2007. In those surveys, detailed records were kept of locations as well as flowering and seed-setting dates.

Latin Name	Common Name	Prairie	Savanna	Woods	Wetland
Achillea millefolium	Yarrow	P
Actaea alba	White baneberry		Sav	Wood
Actaea rubra	Red baneberry		Sav	Wood
Agastache nepetoides	Yellow giant hyssop		Sav
Agastache scrophulariaefolia	Purple giant hyssop		Sav
Agrimonia gryposepala	Tall agrimony	P	Sav
Allium canadense	Wild onion	P
Allium cernuum	Nodding wild onion	P	Sav
Amorpha canescens	Lead-plant	P
Amphicarpa bracteata	Hog peanut		Sav	Wood
Anaphalis margaritacea	Pearly everlasting	P	Sav
Andropogon gerardii	Big bluestem	P
Anemone canadensis	Meadow anemone	P
Anemone cylindrica	Thimbleweed	P
Anemone quinquefolia	Wood anemone		Sav	Wood
Anemone virginiana	Tall anemone		Sav
Angelica atropurpurea	Great angelica				Wet
Antennaria neglecta	Field pussytoes	P
Antennaria plantaginifolia	Plantain-leaved pussytoes	P
Apocynum androsaemifolium	Spreading dogbane		Sav
Aquilegia canadensis	Wild columbine	P	Sav	Wood
Arabis canadensis	Sickle pod	P	Sav
Arabis divaricarpa	Rock cress	P
Arabis lyrata	Lyrate rock cress	P
Aralia nudicaulis	Wild sarsaparilla		Sav	Wood
Aralia racemosa	Spikenard		Sav	Wood
Arenaria stricta	Sandwort	P	Sav
Arisaema triphyllum	Jack-in-the-pulpit		Sav	Wood
Arnoglossum atriplicifolia	Pale Indian plantain	P	Sav
Asclepias exaltata	Poke milkweed		Sav	Wood
Asclepias incarnata	Swamp milkweed				Wet
Asclepias purpurascens	Purple milkweed		Sav
Asclepias syriaca	Common milkweed	P
Asclepias tuberosa	Butterfly weed	P
Asclepias verticillata	Whorled milkweed	P
Asclepias viridiflora	Short green milkweed	P
Aster ericoides	Heath aster	P
Aster firmus	Shining aster				Wet
Aster laevis	Smooth blue aster	P	Sav
Aster lanceolatus	Panicled aster				Wet
Aster lateriflorus	Calico aster		Sav	Wood
Aster novae-angliae	New England aster	P			Wet
Aster oolentangiensis	Sky-blue aster	P
Aster pilosus	Frost aster	P	Sav
Aster prenanthoides	Crooked aster	P			Wet
Aster puniceus	Purple-stemmed aster	P			Wet
Aster sagittifolius	Arrow-leaved aster	P	Sav
Aster sericeus	Silky aster	P
Aster umbellatus	Flat-top aster				Wet
Astragalus canadensis	Canadian milkvetch	P	Sav
Aureolaria grandiflora	Yellow false foxglove		Sav
Baptisia alba	White wild indigo	P
Bidens frondosus	Beggar ticks		Sav
Bouteloua curtipendula	Side oats grama	P
Bromus ciliatus	Fringed brome				Wet
Bromus kalmii	Prairie brome	P
Bromus latiglumis	Ear-leaved brome		Sav
Calmagrostis canadensis	Blue-joint grass		Sav		Wet
Caltha palustris	Marsh marigold				Wet
Campanula americana	Tall bellflower		Sav	Wood
Campanula aparinoides	Marsh bellflower				Wet
Campanula rotundifolia	Harebell	P
Carex meadii	Mead’s sedge	P	Sav
Carex pensylvanica	Pennsylvania sedge		Sav
Carex stricta	Tussock sedge				Wet
Ceanothus americanus	New Jersey tea	P	Sav
Celastrus scandens	Climbing bittersweet	P	Sav
Chelone glabra	Turtlehead				Wet
Cicuta maculata	Spotted water hemlock				Wet
Circaea lutetiana	Enchanter’s nightshade		Sav	Wood
Cirsium altissimum	Woodland thistle		Sav
Cirsium discolor	Pasture thistle	P
Cirsium muticum	Swamp thistle				Wet
Clematis virginiana	Virgin’s bower		Sav
Coeloglossum viride	Long-bracted green orchid		Sav
Conyza canadensis	Horseweed	P	Sav
Coreopsis palmata	Prairie tickseed	P
Cryptotaenia canadensis	Honewort		Sav	Wood
Cypripedium calceolus	Large yellow lady-slipper		Sav	Wood
Dalea candida	White prairie clover	P
Dalea purpureum	Purple prairie clover	P
Desmodium canadense	Showy tick-trefoil	P
Desmodium glutinosum	Pointed tick-trefoil		Sav
Desmodium illinoense	Illinois tick-trefoil	P
Desmodium paniculatum	Panicled tick-trefoil		Sav	Wood
Dicentra cucullaria	Dutchman’s breeches		Sav	Wood
Dioscorea villosa	Wild yam		Sav	Wood
Dodecatheon meadii	Shooting star	P	Sav
Echinacea pallida	Pale purple coneflower	P
Echinocystis lobata	Wild cucumber		Sav
Eleocharis sp.	Rush				Wet
Elymus canadensis	Canada wild rye	P
Elymus hystrix	Bottle-brush grass		Sav
Elymus riparius	Riverbank wild rye		Sav
Elymus villosus	Silky rye		Sav
Elymus virginicus	Virginia wild rye	P	Sav
Epiloboium coloratum	Willow herb				Wet
Eragrostis spectabilis	Purple lovegrass	P
Erechtites hieracifolia	Burnweed		Sav
Erigeron philadelphicus	Marsh fleabane	P	Sav
Erigeron pulchellus	Robin’s plantain	P	Sav
Erigeron strigosus	Daisy fleabane	P
Eryngium yuccifolium	Rattlesnake master	P
Eupatorium altissimum	Tall boneset	P	Sav
Eupatorium (Eutrochium) maculatum	Spotted joe-pye weed		Sav		Wet
Eupatorium perfoliatum	Common boneset		Sav		Wet
Eupatorium (Eutrochium) purpureum	Purple joe-pye weed		Sav
Eupatorium (Ageratina) rugosum	White snakeroot		Sav
Eupatorium sessilifolium	Woodland boneset		Sav
Euphorbia corollata	Flowering spurge	P
Euthamia graminifolia	Grass-leaved goldenrod	P
Festuca subverticillata	Nodding fescue		Sav	Wood
Fragaria virginiana	Wild strawberry		Sav	Wood
Galearis spectabilis	Showy orchis		Sav	Wood	Wet
Galium boreale	Northern bedstraw		Sav
Galium circaezans	Wild licorice		Sav	Wood
Galium concinnum	Shining bedstraw		Sav
Galium lanceolatum	Lance-leaved bedstraw		Sav
Galium tinctorium	Stiff bedstraw		Sav	Wood
Gaura biennis	Biennial gaura	P
Gentiana alba	Cream gentian	P	Sav
Gentiana andrewsii	Bottle gentian	P
Gentianella quinquefolia	Stiff gentian	P
Geranium maculatum	Wild geranium		Sav	Wood
Geum aleppicum	Yellow avens				Wet
Geum canadense	White avens		Sav	Wood
Geum triflorum	Prairie smoke	P
Glyceria stricta	Fowl manna grass				Wet
Goodyera pubescens	Rattlesnake plantain			Wood
Hackelia virginiana	Stickseed		Sav	Wood
Hasteola  suaveolens	Sweet Indian plantain		Sav		Wet
Helenium autumnale	Sneezeweed	P			Wet
Helianthemum canadense	Common rockrose	P
Helianthus decapetalus	Pale sunflower		Sav	Wood
Helianthus divaricatus	Woodland sunflower		Sav	Wood
Helianthus grosseserratus	Saw-tooth sunflower	P	Sav		Wet
Helianthus pauciflorus	Prairie sunflower	P
Helianthus strumosus	Pale-leaved sunflower		Sav	Wood	Wet
Helianthus tuberosus	Jerusalem artichoke				Wet
Heliopsis helianthoides	False sunflower	P
Heuchera richardsonii	Prairie alum-root	P	Sav
Hieracium aurantiacum	Orange hawkweed	P
Hieracium kalmii	Canada hawkweed	P
Hieracium longipilum	Prairie hawkweed	P
Hippuris vulgaris	Mare’s tail		Sav
Hydrophyllum virginianum	Virginia waterleaf		Sav	Wood
Hypericum punctatum	Dotted St. John’s wort		Sav	Wood
Hypericum pyramidatum	Great St. John’s wort		Sav	Wood
Hypoxis hirsuta	Yellow star-grass		Sav
Impatiens sp.	Jewelweed				Wet
Iris virginica	Blue flag				Wet
Juncus tenuis
Koeleria macrantha	June grass	P
Krigia biflora	False dandelion	P
Kuhnia eupatorioides	False boneset	P
Lactuca biennis	Tall blue lettuce		Sav
Lactuca canadensis	Wild lettuce	P	Sav
Laportea canadensis	Wood-nettle		Sav
Lathyrus palustris	Marsh pea				Wet
Leersia oryzoides	Rice cut grass				Wet
Lespedeza capitata	Round-headed bush clover	P
Liatris aspera	Rough blazing star	P
Liatris cylindracea	Dwarf blazing star	P
Liatris pycnostachya	Prairie blazing star	P			Wet
Lilium michiganense	Turk’s cap lily				Wet
Lilium philadelphicum	Wood’s lily	P
Linum medium texanum	Small yellow flax	P
Lithospermum canescens	Hoary puccoon	P
Lithospermum incisum	Fringed puccoon	P
Lobelia cardinalis	Cardinal flower	P	Sav
Lobelia inflata	Indian tobacco		Sav
Lobelia siphilitica	Great blue lobelia	P	Sav		Wet
Lobelia spicata	Pale spiked lobelia	P
Lupinus perennis	Wild lupine	P
Lysimachia ciliata	Fringed loosestrife		Sav	Wood
Lysimachia quadrifolia	Whorled loosestrife		Sav
Maianthemum canadense	Canada Mayflower		Sav	Wood
Monarda fistulosa	Wild bergamot	P	Sav
Monarda punctata	Dotted horsemint	P
Napaea dioica	Glade mallow				Wet
Oenothera biennis	Evening-primrose	P	Sav
Orobanche uniflora	Cancer root			Wood
Osmorhiza claytoni	Hairy sweet cicely		Sav	Wood
Osmorhiza longistylis	Smooth sweet cicely		Sav	Wood
Oxalis acetosella	Northern wood-sorrel		Sav
Oxalis stricta	Yellow wood-sorrel		Sav		Wet
Oxalis violacea	Violet wood-sorrel	P
Oxypolis rigidior	Cowbane				Wet
Panicum latifolium	Broad-leaved panic-grass	P	Sav
Panicum sp.	Small-seed panic grass	P	Sav
Panicum virgatum	Switch grass	P
Parthenium integrifolium	Wild quinine	P
Parthenocissus quinquefolia	Virginia creeper			Wood
Pedicularis canadensis	Wood betony	P
Pedicularis lanceolata	Swamp betony	P			Wet
Pediomelum esculentum	Prairie turnip	P
Penstemon digitalis	White beard tongue	P
Phryma leptostachya	Lopseed		Sav	Wood
Podophyllum peltatum	May-apple		Sav	Wood
Polemonium reptans	Jacob’s ladder		Sav	Wood	Wet
Polygala sanguinea	Field milkwort	P
Polygala senega	Seneca snakeroot	P	Sav
Polygonatum biflorum	Smooth Solomon’s seal	P	Sav	Wood
Polygonum hydropiper	Water pepper				Wet
Polygonum pensylvanicum	Pennsylvania smartweed		Sav
Polygonum punctatum	Smartweed				Wet
Potentilla argentea	Silvery cinquefoil	P	Sav
Potentilla arguta	Prairie cinquefoil	P
Potentilla recta	Sulfur cinquefoil	P	Sav
Potentilla simplex	Old-field cinquefoil	P	Sav
Prenanthes alba	Lion’s foot		Sav
Pycnanthemum virginianum	Common mountain mint	P			Wet
Pyrola elliptica	Shin leaf		Sav	Wood
Ranunculus abortivus	Small-flowered buttercup	P	Sav
Ranunculus acris	Tall buttercup		Sav		Wet
Ranunculus fascicularis	Early buttercup	P	Sav
Ranunculus hispidus nitidus	Hispid (swamp) buttercup				Wet
Ranunculus recurvatus	Hooked buttercup		Sav
Ratibida pinnata	Yellow coneflower	P
Rosa sp.	Rose	P
Rudbeckia hirta	Black-eyed Susan	P	Sav
Rudbeckia laciniata	Green-headed coneflower				Wet
Rudbeckia subtomentosa	Sweet black-eyed Susan	P
Rudbeckia triloba	Brown-eyed Susan	P	Sav
Salix humilis	Prairie willow	P
Sanguinaria canadensis	Bloodroot		Sav	Wood
Sanicula marilandica	Black snakeroot		Sav
Saxifraga pensylvanica	Swamp saxifrage				Wet
Schizachyrium scoparium	Little bluestem	P
Scirpus cyperinus	Wool-grass				Wet
Scirpus validus	Great bulrush				Wet
Scrophularia lanceolata	Figwort		Sav
Scutellaria parvula	Small skullcap	P
Senecio pauperculus	Balsam ragwort	P	Sav
Silene antirrhina	Sleepy catchfly	P
Silphium integrifolium	Rosinweed	P
Silphium laciniatum	Compass plant	P
Silphium perfoliatum	Cup plant	P			Wet
Silphium terebinthinaceum	Prairie dock	P
Sisyrinchium campestre	Blue-eyed grass	P
Smilacina racemosa	False Solomon’s seal		Sav	Wood
Smilacina stellata	Starry false Solomon’s seal		Sav	Wood
Smilax herbacea	Carrion flower	P	Sav
Smilax illinoensis	Greenbrier		Sav
Solidago canadensis	Common goldenrod	P	Sav
Solidago flexicaulis	Zig zag goldenrod		Sav	Wood
Solidago gigantea	Late goldenrod	P
Solidago juncea	Early goldenrod	P
Solidago missouriensis	Missouri goldenrod	P
Solidago nemoralis	Old-field goldenrod	P
Solidago ptarmacoides	Prairie goldenrod	P
Solidago rigida	Stiff goldenrod	P
Solidago speciosa	Showy goldenrod	P
Solidago ulmifolia	Elm-leaved goldenrod		Sav	Wood
Sorghastrum nutans	Indian grass	P
Spartina pectinata	Prairie cord grass	P
Spheopholis spp.	Wedge grass	P
Sporobolus heterolepis	Prairie dropseed	P
Stachys palustris	Hedge-nettle				Wet
Stellaria longifolia	Stichwort				Wet
Stipa sp.	Needle grass	P
Symplocarpus foetidus	Skunk cabbage				Wet
Taenidia integerrima	Yellow pimpernel		Sav
Teucrium canadense	Germander		Sav
Thalictrum dasycarpum	Purple meadow-rue	P			Wet
Thalictrum dioicum	Early meadow-rue		Sav	Wood
Tradescantia ohiensis	Common spiderwort	P
Trillium grandiflorum	Large-flowered trillium		Sav	Wood
Triodanis perfoliatum	Venus looking glass		Sav
Triosteum perfoliatum	Early horse gentian		Sav
Typha latifolia	Cattail				Wet
Uvularia grandiflora	Bellwort		Sav	Wood
Verbena hastata	Blue vervain	P			Wet
Verbena stricta	Hoary vervain	P
Verbena urticifolia	White vervain		Sav
Vernonia fasciculata	Common ironweed	P	Sav		Wet
Veronicastrum virginicum	Culver’s root	P	Sav		Wet
Vicia sativa	Common vetch	P
Viola candensis	Tall white violet		Sav
Viola pedata	Bird’s foot violet	P
Viola pedatifida	Prairie violet	P
Viola pubescens	Yellow wood violet			Wood
Viola soraria	Door-yard violet		Sav	Wood
Zizia aurea	Golden Alexanders	P	Sav
Zizia aptera	Heat-leafed golden Alexanders	P

For this checklist, four major habitat types have been defined. For each species, the principal habitats where it has been found are given. These are the habitats where a species is most likely to be found and some species may be found in lesser amounts in other habitats.