Yesterday with the interns I was discussing the concept of C
values (Coefficient of Conservatism).
values (Coefficient of Conservatism).
C values are widely used in restoration
ecology when deciding whether a site merits restoration work. Each native species is assigned a value from 0 to 10, that represents
the probability that this plant species is likely to occur in landscapes
relatively unaltered from those of pre-settlement times. Plant species with
high C values are relatively specialized in their requirements, and thus are
found in more restricted habitats. Thus, a widespread species such as Canada
goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), found in numerous habitats from
roadsides to remnant prairies, is assigned a value of 1 whereas prairie dropseed
(Sporobolus heterolepis), found almost exclusively on high-quality
remnant prairies, has a value of 10.
ecology when deciding whether a site merits restoration work. Each native species is assigned a value from 0 to 10, that represents
the probability that this plant species is likely to occur in landscapes
relatively unaltered from those of pre-settlement times. Plant species with
high C values are relatively specialized in their requirements, and thus are
found in more restricted habitats. Thus, a widespread species such as Canada
goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), found in numerous habitats from
roadsides to remnant prairies, is assigned a value of 1 whereas prairie dropseed
(Sporobolus heterolepis), found almost exclusively on high-quality
remnant prairies, has a value of 10.
A set of C values for all members of the
Wisconsin flora has been published by the Wisconsin Department of Natural
Areas. The C value for each native species is also given on the University of
Wisconsin-Madison Herbarium web site and in Wildflowers
of Wisconsin and the Upper Midwest, by Merel Black and Emmet J. Judziewicz, University of
Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin.
Wisconsin flora has been published by the Wisconsin Department of Natural
Areas. The C value for each native species is also given on the University of
Wisconsin-Madison Herbarium web site and in Wildflowers
of Wisconsin and the Upper Midwest, by Merel Black and Emmet J. Judziewicz, University of
Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin.
Pleasant Valley Conservancy has quite a few plant species
with high C values. Some of these species were native to the site and others have been
introduced and are surviving well on their own.
with high C values. Some of these species were native to the site and others have been
introduced and are surviving well on their own.
The table below is a list of the high C value plants (C
ranging from 7 through 10) that are fairly widespread at Pleasant Valley
Conservancy.
ranging from 7 through 10) that are fairly widespread at Pleasant Valley
Conservancy.
|
Latin
|
Common
|
C
value |
Comments
|
|
Sporobolus heterolepis
|
Prairie dropseed
|
10
|
Native
|
|
Cypripedium parviflorum
|
Yellow lady-slipper orchid
|
9
|
Native
|
|
Ceanothus
americanus |
New Jersey tea
|
9
|
Native
|
|
Eupatorium
sessilifolium |
Woodland boneset
|
9
|
Native
|
|
Astragalus canadensis
|
Canada milkvetch
|
8
|
Planted
|
|
Aureolaria
grandiflora |
Yellow false foxglove
|
8
|
Planted
|
|
Baptisia
alba |
White wild indigo
|
8
|
Native
|
|
Bromus
kalmii |
Prairie brome
|
8
|
Native
|
|
Cirsium
muticum |
Swamp thistle
|
8
|
Native
|
|
Coreopsis
palmata |
Prairie tickseed
|
8
|
Planted
|
|
Dalea candida
|
White prairie clover
|
8
|
Planted
|
|
Eryngium
yuccifolium |
Rattlesnake master
|
8
|
Planted
|
|
Hasteola
suaveolens |
Sweet Indian plantain
|
8
|
Native
|
|
Oxalis
violacea |
Violet wood-sorrel
|
8
|
Native
|
|
Parthenium
integrifolium |
Wild quinine
|
8
|
Planted
|
|
Pedicularis
canadensis |
Wood betony
|
8
|
Native
|
|
Pedicularis
lanceolata |
Lousewort
|
8
|
Native
|
|
Silphium
laciniatum |
Compass plant
|
8
|
Planted
|
|
Symplocarpus
foetidus |
Skunk cabbage
|
8
|
Native
|
|
Actaea
rubra |
Red baneberry
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Allium
cernuum |
Nodding wild onion
|
7
|
Planted
|
|
Amorpha
canescens |
Lead-plant
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Asclepias
exaltata |
Poke milkweed
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Carex
trichocarpa |
Hairy-fruit sedge
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Chelone
glabra |
Turtlehead
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Dalea
purpureum |
Purple prairie clover
|
7
|
Planted
|
|
Desmodium
illinoense |
Illinois tick-trefoil
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Dodecatheon
meadia |
Shooting star
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Echinacea
pallida |
Pale purple coneflower
|
7
|
Planted
|
|
Gentiana
alba |
Cream gentian
|
7
|
Planted
|
|
Gentianella
quinquefolia |
Stiff gentian
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Helianthus
pauciflorus |
Prairie sunflower
|
7
|
Planted
|
|
Heuchera
richardsonii |
Prairie alum-root
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Saxifraga
pensylvanica |
Swamp saxifrage
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Silphium
terebinthinaceum |
Prairie dock
|
7
|
Planted
|
|
Sisyrinchium
campestre |
Blue-eyed grass
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Solidago
missouriensis |
Missouri goldenrod
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Taenidia
integerrima |
Yellow pimpernel
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Thalictrum
dioicum |
Early meadow-rue
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Uvularia
grandiflora |
Bellwort
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Viola
pedata |
Bird’s foot violet
|
7
|
Native
|
|
Zizia
aurea |
Golden Alexander
|
7
|
Native
|
Native = Native to the site
Most of the native species have also been planted at other
areas on the Conservancy in order to extend their range.
areas on the Conservancy in order to extend their range.
In addition to the above species which are widespread, a few
species native to the site are well-established in only a few restricted areas. These
include: hoary puccoon (10), purple milkweed (9), fringed puccoon (8), and prairie
turnip (8).
species native to the site are well-established in only a few restricted areas. These
include: hoary puccoon (10), purple milkweed (9), fringed puccoon (8), and prairie
turnip (8).
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